Dragutin Stojmenović1, Nenad Trunić2, Tamara Stojmenović2
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
2Faculty for Physical Culture and Management in Sport, University of Singidunum, Belgrade, Serbia
Differences in Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity between Special Police Force Members and Elite Basketball Players
Sport Mont 2023, 21(2), 17-23 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.230703
Abstract
The goal of this research is to evaluate and compare the functional abilities of the special anti-terrorist unit from Serbia and professional basketball players. The idea is to determine whether members of the special unit police have high functional abilities and at what level are they compared to professional athletes. The sample of participants, for the purposes of this research, consisted of 162 respondents with an average age of 29.75±8.12 years who were classified into two groups. One group consisted of members of the SAF (special anti-terrorist force) (n=101) of average age 33.74±6.19 years and in other group were elite level professional basketball players from Serbia (n=57), of average age 22.39±4.25 from three Serbian clubs. To measure cardiorespiratory fitness, a cardiopulmonary exercises test (CPET) was performed on a treadmill (HPCOSMOS ®). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), as a measure of aerobic capacity, was determined using the Quark CPET system (Cosmed®) by direct monitoring of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide). Aerobic ability of members of the Serbian SAF (special anti-teroristic force) can be considered excellent and almost close to the professional athletes, but statisticly lower (p<0.05). Anaerobic capacity is also high and there is no difference in relation to basketball players (p>0.05). These results can be explained by the selection of people who are chosen for this unit, which can be called very rigorous and equated with sports selection. The results of our study point to the fact that a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is not only required by professional sports, but also by certain professions such as SAF..
Keywords
V02 max, pulmonary ventilation, cardiopulmonary testing, anaerobic treshlod
View full article
(PDF – 312KB)
References
Araújo, A. O., Cancela, J. M., Rocha-Rodrigues, S., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2019). Association between somatotype profile and health-related physical fitness in special police unit. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(2), e51-e55.
Binder, R. K., Wonisch, M., Corra, U., Cohen-Solal, A., Vanhees, L., Saner, H., & Schmid, J. P. (2008). Methodological approach to the first and second lactate threshold in incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 15(6), 726-734..
Donovan, R., Nelson, T., Peel, J., Lipsey, T., Voyles, W., & Israel, RG (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome in firefighters. Occupational Medicine, 59(7), 487-492.
Poncio, A. N. (2020). Current physical fitness standards of police officers (Unpublished thesis). San Marcos, Texas: Texas State University.
Radovanović, M. (2020). Modeling of the unit to fight against terrorism in the territory of the republic of Serbia. Megatrend Review, 17(3) (in Serbian).
Đorđević Šaranović, S., Vićić, J., Pešić, I., Tomović, M., Batinić, Đ., Antić, M., ... & Mazić, S. (2019). The influence of tobacco use on pulmonary function in elite athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3515.
Ricciardi, R., Deuster, P. A., & Talbot, L. A. (2007). Effects of gender and body adiposity on physiological responses to physical work while wearing body armor. Military Medicine, 172(7), 743-748.
Kohozuki, M., Cho, C., Takahashi, R., & Harada, T. (2018). Importance of Physical Activity and VO2max: Five Major Determinants of VO2max. Asian Journal of Human Services, 15, 85-92.
Koropanovski, N., & Jankovic, R. (2007). Diferences between motoric abilities of criminalistic police academy students and persons with good training. Sport Mont, V(12-13-14), 738-743.
Kenny, W., Wilmore, J., & Costill, J. (2012). Physiology of sport and exercise (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Maupin, D., Robinson, J., Wills, T., Irving, S., Schram, B., & Orr, R. (2018). Profiling the metabolic fitness of a special operations police unit. Journal of Occupational Health, 60(5), 356-360.
Marins, E. F., David, G. B., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2019). Characterization of the physical fitness of police officers: A systematic review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(10), 2860-2874.
Midgley, A. W., McNaughton, L. R., Polman, R., & Marchant, D. (2007). Criteria for determination of maximal oxygen uptake. Sports Medicine, 37(12), 1019-1028.
Novacki, P. E., & Preuhs, M. (2003). Tub Influence Of A Special Endurance Training on The Aerobic And Anaerobic Capacity of Soccer Platers Tested, The Soccer Treadmill Methods. In Science and Football II (pp. 86-91).
Poirier, S., Houle, J., Lajoie, C., & Trudeau, F. (2023). Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Police Recruits: Normative Reference Values and Temporal Trend. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 37(1), 207-212.
Robinson, J., Roberts, A., Irving, S., & Orr, R. (2018). Aerobic fitness is of greater importance than strength and power in the load carriage performance of specialist police. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(4), 987.
Stojmenovic, D, Trunić, N, & Stojmenović T (2022). A comparative study of aerobic capacity among elite Basketball players according to five different positions in the team. Journal of Physical Education and Sport - JPES, 22(10), 2522 – 2529.
Spalevic, Z., Veljovic, V., Bjelica, D., & Masanovic, B. (2021). Body Mass Index and Measures of Body Fat for Defining Obesity and Underweight: A Cross-Sectional Study of Various Specialties in the Montenegrin Police Force. International Journal of Morphology, 39(6).
Sperlich, B., Krueger, M., Zinner, C., Achtzehn, S., Marées, M. D., & Mester, J. (2011). Oxygen uptake, velocity at lactate threshold, and running economy in elite special forces. Military Medicine, 176(2), 218-221.
Schilling, R., Herrmann, C., Ludyga, S., Colledge, F., Brand, S., Pühse, U., & Gerber, M. (2020). Does cardiorespiratory fitness buffer stress reactivity and stress recovery in police officers? A real-life study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 594.
Schilling, R., Colledge, F., Ludyga, S., Pühse, U., Brand, S., & Gerber, M. (2019). Does cardiorespiratory fitness moderate the association between occupational stress, cardiovascular risk, and mental health in police officers?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2349.
Staller, M. S., Cole, J. C., Zaiser, B., & Körner, S. (2019). Representative training with less risk: The effects of non-lethal training and conventional ammunition in police use of force training on heart rate variability. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 13(4), 411-425.
Šimenko, J., Čoh, M., Škof, B., Zorec, B., & Milić, R. (2014). Comparison of Some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Slovenian Police Special Unit and American Special Forces SWAT. Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, 3, 312-320.
Šimenko, J., Škof, B., Hadžić, V., Milić, R., Zorec, B., Žvan, M., ... & Choh, M. (2016). General and specific physical abilities of the members of the special police unit. Facta Universitatis Series: Physical Education and Sport, 83-98.
Vuckovic, G., & Koropanovski, N. (2007). Differences between motor abilities of criminal-police academy students and categorized sportsmen-karatists. Sport Mont, V(12-13-14), 235-242.
Wasserman, K., Cox, A. T., & Sietsema, E. K. (2014). Ventilatory regulation of arterial H+ (pH) during exercise. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 190, 142-148.
Westra, M., Keulers, L., Van Der Maten, J., & De Jong, K. (2020). Finding the best fitting reference values of VO2max in cardiopulmonary exercise testing. European Respiratory Journal 56, 3213.
Živković, V. (2016). Chapter 6- Adaptation reaction of the organism to training. Chapter taken from Univeristy textbook Sports medicine ISBN: 978-860-7760-109-6 Sportska Medicina, 1, 153-177 (in Serbian).
Zwingmann, L., Zedler, M., Kurzner, S., Wahl, P., & Goldmann, J. P. (2021). How Fit Are Special Operations Police Officers? A Comparison with Elite Athletes from Olympic Disciplines. Front Sports Act Living, 2(3), 742655.