Samsul Bahri1, I Ketut Adnyana2, Muhamad Fahmi Hasan1, Tommy Apriantono1, Agung Dwi Juniarsyah1
1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Department of Sports Science, Indonesia
2Institut Teknologi Bandung, Department of Pharmacology and Taxology, Indonesia
The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Recovery and Performance of Weightlifting Athletes
Sport Mont 2022, 20(2), 57-61 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.220609
Abstract
Weightlifting is a type of sport that demands beneficial complementary supplements. This is because of the highly intensive training and tight schedules, which requires the body to be maintained at the prime condition to avoid injury. Furthermore, supplements and natural products are needed to accelerate athletes' recovery and avoid doping. Cinnamon is a good natural product that contains phenol and cinnamaldehyde antioxidant content. This study used a double-blind one-way crossover design approach on 16 male athletes with the lowest experience competing in Southeast Asia. The athletes consumed 500 mg of cinnamon extract for 8 weeks and entered a 4 and 8 week washout phase and placebo, respectively. The performance tests were conducted by match simulations, such as snatch and clean and jerk. Creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate were tested to determine fatigue levels and accelerate recovery. According to the results, significant changes occurred for CK and CRP of p<0.005, glucose p<0.048, and lactate at p<0.012 with no effects on performance. Conclusion: Cinnamon extract significantly affects CK, CRP, lactate, and glucose without any notable effects on performance.
Keywords
Ergogenic aid, Muscle damage, Muscle soreness
View full article
(PDF – 101KB)
References
Allen P. J. (2012). Creatine metabolism and psychiatric disorders: Does creatine supplementation have therapeutic value?. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(5), 1442–1462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.03.005.
Anderson R. A. (2008). Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity. The Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, 67(1), 48–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665108006010.
Anderson, R. A., Zhan, Z., Luo, R., Guo, X., Guo, Q., Zhou, J,… Stoecker, B. J. (2015). Cinnamon extract lowers glucose, insulin and cholesterol in people with elevated serum glucose. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6(4), 332–336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.03.005.
Arazi, H., & Asadi, A. (2013). One repetition maximum test increases serum indices of muscle. Apunts Medicina de l’Esport, 48(178), 49–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apunts.2012.09.003.
Bernardo, MA., Silva, ML., Santos, E., Moncada, MM., Brito, J., Proença, L., … & de Mesquita, MF. (2015). Effect of Cinnamon Tea on Postprandial Glucose Concentration. Journal of Diabetes Resesearch, 913651, 1-6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913651.
Braun, H., Koehler, K., Geyer, H., Kleiner, J., Mester, J., & Schanzer, W. (2009). Dietary supplement use among elite young German athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.97.
Chen, L., Sun, P., Wang, T., Chen, K., Jia, Q., Wang, H., & Li, Y. (2012). Diverse mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of the different procyanidin oligomer types of two different cinnamon species on db/db mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(36), 9144–9150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3024535.
Couturier, K., Batandier, C., Awada, M., Hininger-Favier, I., Canini, F., Anderson, R. A., … & Roussel, A. M. (2010). Cinnamon improves insulin sensitivity and alters the body composition in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 501(1), 158–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.032.
Davari, M., Hashemi, R., Mirmiran, P., Hedayati, M., Sahranavard, S., Bahreini, S., … & Talaei, B. (2020). Effects of cinnamon supplementation on expression of systemic inflammation factors, NF-kB and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double blind, and controlled clinical trial. Nutrition Journal, 19(1), 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0518-3.
Fayaz, E., Damirchi, A., Zebardast, N., & Babaei, P. (2019). Cinnamon extract combined with high-intensity endurance training alleviates metabolic syndrome via non-canonical WNT signaling. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles, California), 65, 173–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.009.
Fedewa, M. V., Hathaway, E. D., & Ward-Ritacco, C. L. (2017). Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(8), 670–676. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-095999.
Fuchs, M., Faude, O., Wegmann, M., & Meyer, T. (2014). Critical evaluation of a badminton-specific endurance test. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(2), 249–255. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0387.
Goel, B., & Mishra, S. (2020). Medicinal and nutritional perspective of cinnamon: a mini-review. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 31(3), 10-16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i330218.
Hagger, M. S., & Montasem, A. (2009). Implementing intentions to drink a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(9), 963–974. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410902998262.
Hornsby, W. G., Gentles, J. A., MacDonald, C. J., Mizuguchi, S., Ramsey, M. W., & Stone, M. H. (2017). Maximum strength, rate of force development, jump height, and peak power alterations in weightlifters across five months of training. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 5(4), 78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5040078.
Huebner, M., & Perperoglou, A. (2019). Performance development from youth to senior and age of peak performance in olympic weightlifting. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01121.
Islam, H., Yorgason, N. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2016). Creatine co-ingestion with carbohydrate or cinnamon extract provides no added benefit to anaerobic performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(6), 685–693. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1071877.
Jarvill-Taylor, K. J., Anderson, R. A., & Graves, D. J. (2001). A hydroxychalcone derived from cinnamon functions as a mimetic for insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 20(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719053.
Junaidi, J., Apriantono, T., Winata, B., Hasan, F., Apriyanto, T., Syahruddin, S. (2020). Effects of cinnamon extract supplementation on creatine kinase activity in badminton athletes. Human Movement, 21(4), 102-110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2020.94196.
Kawatra, P., & Rajagopalan, R. (2015). Cinnamon: Mystic powers of a minute ingredient. Pharmacognosy Research, 7(Suppl 1), S1–S6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.157990.
Khan, A., Safdar, M., Ali Khan, M. M., Khattak, K. N., & Anderson, R. A. (2003). Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(12), 3215–3218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.12.3215.
Magal, M., Dumke, C. L., Urbiztondo, Z. G., Cavill, M. J., Triplett, N. T., Quindry, J. C., … & Epstein, Y. (2010). Relationship between serum creatine kinase activity following exercise-induced muscle damage and muscle fibre composition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 257–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903440892.
McMorris, T., Harris, R. C., Swain, J., Corbett, J., Collard, K., Dyson, R. J., … & Draper, N. (2006). Effect of creatine supplementation and sleep deprivation, with mild exercise, on cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood state, and plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol. Psychopharmacology, 185(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-0269-z.
Pasiakos, S. M., Berryman, C. E., Karl, J. P., Lieberman, H. R., Orr, J. S., Margolis, L. M., … & Rood, J. C. (2017). Physiological and psychological effects of testosterone during severe energy deficit and recovery: A study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial for Optimizing Performance for Soldiers (OPS). Contemporary Clinical Trials, 58(May), 47–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2017.05.001.
Poulios, A., Georgakouli, K., Draganidis, D., Deli, C. K., Tsimeas, P. D., Chatzinikolaou, A., … & Fatouros, I. G. (2019). Protein-based supplementation to enhance recovery in team sports: what is the evidence?. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(3), 523–536.
Peternelj, T. T., & Coombes, J. S. (2011). Antioxidant supplementation during exercise training: beneficial or detrimental?. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(12), 1043–1069. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2165/11594400-000000000-00000.
Powers, S. K., Nelson, W. B., & Hudson, M. B. (2011). Exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans: cause and consequences. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 51(5), 942–950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.009.
Shen, Y., Jia, L. N., Honma, N., Hosono, T., Ariga, T., & Seki, T. (2012). Beneficial effects of cinnamon on the metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and pain, and mechanisms underlying these effects - a review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30067-0.
Vallverdú-Queralt, A., Regueiro, J., Martínez-Huélamo, M., Rinaldi Alvarenga, J. F., Leal, L. N., & Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. (2014). A comprehensive study on the phenolic profile of widely used culinary herbs and spices: rosemary, thyme, oregano, cinnamon, cumin and bay. Food Chemistry, 154, 299–307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.106.
Williams, T. D., Tolusso, D. V., Fedewa, M. V., & Esco, M. R. (2017). Comparison of periodized and non-periodized resistance training on maximal strength: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(10), 2083–2100. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0734-y.
Zhu, C., Yan, H., Zheng, Y., Santos, H. O., Macit, M. S., & Zhao, K. (2020). Impact of cinnamon supplementation on cardiometabolic biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 53, 102517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102517.