Barbara Gilic1,2, Goran Gabrilo1, Vlade Bendic1
1University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
2University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of the Velocity- Based Training Device for Measuring Kinetics and Kinematics Variables in Youth Soccer Players
Sport Mont 2022, 20(1), 77-82 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.220213
Abstract
Velocity-based training (VBT) is a popular method for prescribing and monitoring resistance-training load. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the PUSH band for measuring kinetics and kinematics variables during the deadlift exercise at different loads. 16 soccer players (16-18 years) underwent VBT 1 repetition maximum (1RM) protocol over two testing sessions (test-retest). Inertial sensor PUSH Band 2.0 was used for measuring velocity, power, and force during executing hexagonal-bar deadlift at different percentages of 1RM. Test-retest reliability of the VBT-variables was determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Validity was determined by correlating VBT-variables with the Broad jump test (BJ). Average-power, average-, and peak-velocity at 45% 1RM, peak-power at 55% 1RM, average-force and peak-power at 65% 1RM, average- and peak-power at 75% 1RM displayed proper test-retest reliability (>50% of the shared variance), which was confirmed by Bland-Altman plots. Average-power, average- and peak-velocity at 45% 1RM displayed the highest correlations with BJ (r=0.78, 0.73, and 0.76, respectively), indicating good validity. VBT-variables at moderate loads were more reliable, which could be explained by the low experience in resistance training of studied players. Variables at low-to-moderate intensity displayed the highest correlation/validity with BJ and could be recommended for the development of this jumping performance in youth players.
Keywords
resistance training, feedback, youth athletes, strength and conditioning, inertial sensors
View full article
(PDF – 293KB)
References
Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Kuzdub, M., Poveda-Ortiz, P., & Campo-Vecino, J. D. (2016). Validity and Reliability of the PUSH Wearable Device to Measure Movement Velocity During the Back Squat Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30 (7), 1968-1974. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001284
Barjaste, A., & Mirzaei, B. (2018). The periodization of resistance training in soccer players: changes in maximal strength, lower extremity power, body composition and muscle volume. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58 (9), 1218-1225. https://doi.org/10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07129-8
Benson, C., Docherty, D., & Brandenburg, J. (2006). Acute neuromuscular responses to resistance training performed at different loads. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9 (1), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2005.07.001
Brown, E. W., & Abani, K. (1985). Kinematics and kinetics of the dead lift in adolescent power lifters. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 17 (5), 554-566.
Chéry, C., & Ruf, L. (2019). Reliability of the Load-Velocity Relationship and Validity of the PUSH to Measure Velocity in the Deadlift. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 (9), 2370-2380. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002663
Clemente, F. M., Akyildiz, Z., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Inertial Measurement Unit for Barbell Velocity Assessments: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel), 21 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072511
Courel-Ibáñez, J., Martínez-Cava, A., Morán-Navarro, R., Escribano-Peñas, P., Chavarren-Cabrero, J., González-Badillo, J. J., & Pallarés, J. G. (2019). Reproducibility and Repeatability of Five Different Technologies for Bar Velocity Measurement in Resistance Training. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 47 (7), 1523-1538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02265-6
Dorrell, H. F., Smith, M. F., & Gee, T. I. (2020). Comparison of Velocity-Based and Traditional Percentage-Based Loading Methods on Maximal Strength and Power Adaptations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34 (1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003089
Eston, R., & Evans, H. J. (2009). The validity of submaximal ratings of perceived exertion to predict one repetition maximum. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8 (4), 567-573.
Janicijevic, D., Garcia-Ramos, A., Lamas-Cepero, J. L., Garcia-Pinillos, F., Marcos-Blanco, A., Rojas, F. J., Weakley, J., & Perez-Castilla, A. (2021). Comparison of the two most commonly used gold-standard velocity monitoring devices (GymAware and T-Force) to assess lifting velocity during the free-weight barbell back squat exercise. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P-Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371211029614
Jovanovic, M., & Jukic, I. (2020). Within-Unit Reliability and Between-Units Agreement of the Commercially Available Linear Position Transducer and Barbell-Mounted Inertial Sensor to Measure Movement Velocity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003776
Kompf, J., & Arandjelović, O. (2016). Understanding and Overcoming the Sticking Point in Resistance Exercise. Sports Medicine, 46 (6), 751-762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0460-2
Kompf, J., & Arandjelović, O. (2017). The Sticking Point in the Bench Press, the Squat, and the Deadlift: Similarities and Differences, and Their Significance for Research and Practice. Sports Medicine, 47 (4), 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0615-9
Lake, J., Augustus, S., Austin, K., Comfort, P., McMahon, J., Mundy, P., & Haff, G. G. (2019). The reliability and validity of the bar-mounted PUSH Band(TM) 2.0 during bench press with moderate and heavy loads. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37 (23), 2685-2690. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1656703
Lesinski, M., Prieske, O., & Granacher, U. (2016). Effects and dose–response relationships of resistance training on physical performance in youth athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50 (13), 781-795. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095497
Lockie, R. G., Moreno, M. R., Lazar, A., Risso, F. G., Liu, T. M., Stage, A. A., Birmingham-Babauta, S. A., Torne, I. A., Stokes, J. J., Giuliano, D. V., Davis, D. L., Orjalo, A. J., & Callaghan, S. J. (2018). The 1 Repetition Maximum Mechanics of a High-Handle Hexagonal Bar Deadlift Compared With a Conventional Deadlift as Measured by a Linear Position Transducer. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32 (1), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001781
Mann, J. B., Ivey, P. A., & Sayers, S. P. (2015). Velocity-Based Training in Football. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 37 (6), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000177
McGrath, G. A., Flanagan, E. P., O`Donovan, P., Collins, D. J., & Kenny, I. C. (2018). Velocity based training: Validity of monitoring devices to assess mean concentric velocity in the bench press exercise. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 26 (1), 23-30. https://www.strengthandconditioning.org/jasc-26-1
McQuilliam, S. J., Clark, D. R., Erskine, R. M., & Brownlee, T. E. (2020). Free-Weight Resistance Training in Youth Athletes: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine, 50 (9), 1567-1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01307-7
Orange, S. T., Metcalfe, J. W., Liefeith, A., Marshall, P., Madden, L. A., Fewster, C. R., & Vince, R. V. (2019). Validity and Reliability of a Wearable Inertial Sensor to Measure Velocity and Power in the Back Squat and Bench Press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 (9), 2398-2408. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002574
Orange, S. T., Metcalfe, J. W., Robinson, A., Applegarth, M. J., & Liefeith, A. (2020). Effects of In-Season Velocity- Versus Percentage-Based Training in Academy Rugby League Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15 (4), 554-561. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0058
Ritti-Dias, R. M., Avelar, A., Salvador, E. P., & Cyrino, E. S. (2011). Influence of previous experience on resistance training on reliability of one-repetition maximum test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25 (5), 1418-1422. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d67c4b
Robertson, D. G., & Fleming, D. (1987). Kinetics of standing broad and vertical jumping. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 12 (1), 19-23.
Thompson, S. W., Rogerson, D., Dorrell, H. F., Ruddock, A., & Barnes, A. (2020). The Reliability and Validity of Current Technologies for Measuring Barbell Velocity in the Free-Weight Back Squat and Power Clean. Sports, 8 (7), 94. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/8/7/94
Weakley, J., Mann, B., Banyard, H., McLaren, S., Scott, T., & Garcia-Ramos, A. (2021). Velocity-Based Training: From Theory to Application. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 43 (2), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000560