Alexander Bolotin1, Vladislav Bakayev1
1Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism, St. Petersburg, Russia
The Method for Enhancing Statokinetic Stability in Alpine Skiers Based on the Use of Normobaric Hypoxia in Combination with Cervical Spine Muscle Exercises
Sport Mont 2022, 20(1), 71-75 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.220212
Abstract
Lately, the improved outfitting and sports alpine skiing equipment have brought about significantly increased speed of their motion on the mountain slope. At the same time, alpine skiers’ psychological and physiological reserves remain practically unchanged. In order to enhance the statokinetic stability level of the alpine skiers included in the experimental group, normobaric hypoxia training in combination with cervical spine muscle exercises were used for a month during a preparatory period before competitions. The subjects of the control group used conventional exercises to enhance the statokinetic stability level. The results of the studies showed that the alpine skiers from the experimental group demonstrated a confidently increased tolerance time of continuous cumulation of Coriolis accelerations (versus initial measurements). We also observed the lowered intensity of negative vestibulosensory, vestibulovegetative and vestibulosomatic reactions. This showed their improved tolerance of continuous cumulation of Coriolis accelerations. Besides that, the alpine skiers of the experimental group showed positive changes in the static stabilometric test in the integrated functional computer stabilography. The open eyes test showed a confidently significant reduction in the rate of increase of the statokinesiogram length and area, oscillation amplitude of the projection of the common center of gravity in the frontal and sagittal planes, and also the coefficient of asymmetry in the frontal and sagittal directions. The obtained results can justify recommendation of normobaric hypoxia course to be used in combination with cervical spine muscle exercises as means to improve statokinetic stability in alpine skiers.
Keywords
alpine skiers, statokinetic stability, normobaric hypoxia, cervical spine muscle exercises
View full article
(PDF – 191KB)
References
Bakayev, V. (2015). Determining the significance of practical military skills applied by the special purpose regiments of the Internal Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs to deliver combat objectives. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15 (4), 615-618.
Bakayev, V., Bolotin, A., & You, C. (2018). Reaction of vegetative nervous system to loads in female long-distance runners with different fitness level. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13 (2proc), S245-S252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.Proc2.09
Bubanja, M., Milasinovic, R., & Bojanic, D. (2016). Effect of morphological characteristics and motor abilities on the execution of technical elements in alpine skiing. Sport Mont, 14 (3), 11-14.
Gorshova, I., Bohuslavska, V., Furman, Y., Galan, Y., Nakonechnyi, I., & Pityn, M. (2017). Improvement of adolescents adaptation to the adverse meteorological situationby means of physical education. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17 (2), 892-898. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.02136
Gonggalanzi, Labasangzhu, Bjertness, E., Wu, T., Stigum, H., & Nafstad, P. (2017). Acute mountain sickness, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate among Tibetan students who reascend to Lhasa after 7 years at low altitude: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 7, e016460. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016460
Hadzic, R., Bjelica, D., Vujovic, D., & Popovic, S. (2015). Achievement differences of basic meandering over motor abilities of skiers. Sport Mont, XIII (43-44-45), 369-376.
Hackett, P. & Rennie, D. (2016). The incidence, importance, and prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. Lancet, (7996), 1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(76)91677-9
Hébert-Losier, K., Supej, M., & Holmberg, H. C. (2014). Biomechanical factors influencing the performance of elite alpine ski racers. Sports Med., 44, 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0132-z
Lewkowicz, R., & Kowaleczko, G. (2019). An inverse kinematic model of the human training centrifuge motion simulator. J. Theor. Appl. Mech., 57, 99-113
Luks, A., Swenson, E., & Bärtsch, P. (2017). Acute high-altitude sickness. Eur. Respir. Rev., 26 (143), 160096. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0096-2016
Mao, Y. Chen, P., Li, L., & Huang, D. (2014). Virtual reality training improves balance function. Neural Regeneration Research, 9 (17), 1628-1834. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.141795
Mekjavic, I. B., Amon, M., Kölegård, R., Kounalakis, S. N., Simpson, L., Eiken, O., Keramidas, M. E., & Macdonald, I. A. (2016). The effect of normobaric hypoxic confinement on metabolism, gut hormones, and body composition. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, 202–214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00202
Naeije, R. (2014). High-altitude adaptation: where Tibetans and Han Chinese agree. Exp. Physiol., 99 (12), 1593–1604. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082677
Nemec, B., Petric, T., Babic, J., & Supej, M. (2014). Estimation of alpine skier posture using machine learning techniques. Sensors, 14, 18898–18914. https://doi.org/10.3390/s141018898
Pearce, J. M. (2007). Robert Bárány. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 78 (3), 302. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2006.0110197
Supej, M., Kugovnik, O., & Nemec, B. (2004). Modelling and simulation of two competition slalom techniques. Kinesiology, 36, 206–212.
Vaverka, F., & Vodickova, S. (2010). Laterality of the lower limbs and carving turn. Biol. Sport, 27, 129–134. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.913080
Vogiatzis, I., Georgiadou, O., Koskolou, M., Athanasopoulos, D, Kostikas, K., Golemati, S., Wagner, H., Roussos, C., Wagner, P. D., & Zakynthinos, S. (2007). Effects of hypoxia on diaphragmatic fatigue in highly trained athletes. Journal of Physiology, 15 (581), 299–308.
Wrigley, A. (2015). Recent changes in hypoxia training at the Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine. J. R. Nav. Med. Serv., 101 (2), 186–197.