Monalisa Debnath¹, Subhra Chatterjee², Amit Bandyopadhyay³, Gouriprosad Datta⁴, Swapan Kumar Dey⁵

¹Department of Sports Science, Sports Authority of India, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India
²Sports Authority of India, New Delhi, India
³University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Sports and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Kolkata, India
⁴Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, Kolkata, India
⁵Sports Authority of India, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India

Prediction of Athletic Performance through Nutrition Knowledge and Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study among Young Team Athletes

Sport Mont 2019, 17(3), 13-20 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.191012

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the nutrition knowledge, practice, and status and to identify the nutritional and body composition factors predicting athletes’ performance. Young team athletes including 40 footballers and 50 hockey players were recruited in this study (age 16.48±1.5) to assess the nutrition knowledge (NK), nutrition practice (NP), and 24-hour dietary recall using a semi-structured questionnaire. Physical characteristics, including height, weight and body mass index (BMI), along with static strength- handgrip and relative back strength, were recorded. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and glycogen store was determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Aerobic capacity (VO₂max) was measured with a beep test. The majority of the athletes with good NK scores were found to have good NP scores as well and vice versa (χ2=23.861, p=0.000). Their mean recorded scores for NK and NP were found to be 11.13±3.6 and 7.30±2.0 out of a total of 20 and 12, respectively. Daily consumption of protein (β=0.336; p value=0.004), sodium (β=0.273; p value=0.006) and dietary fibre (β=0.220; p value=0.002) were found to be the best predictors for nutritional practice. Nutrition knowledge and practice had significant positive correlation with BMR (0.314***; 0.419***), calcium intake (0.248*; 0.482***), iron intake (0.303***; 0.221*) and VO₂max (0.331***; 0.428***), respectively. Daily calorie consumption (β=0.144, p=0.029), BMR (β=0.304, p<0.001***), MM (β=0.213, p=0.020), calcium (β=0.275, p=0.001) and iron intake (β=0.240, p=.001) were the significant predictors of athletic performance. Therefore, good nutrition knowledge may improve the nutritional habits and dietary pattern of athletes. Body composition and nutrient intake can predict athletic performance. Intervention studies should emphasize nutrition education aiming for improved athletic performance.

Keywords

basal metabolic rate, bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, dietary pattern, aerobic capacity

View full article
(PDF – 204KB)

References

Abbey, E.L., Wright, C.J., Christina, M., & Kirkpatrick, C.M. (2017). NPs and knowledge among NCAA Division III football players. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0170-2

Abood, D.A., Black, D.R., & Birnbaum, R.D. (2004). Nutrition education intervention for college female athletes. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36(3), 135-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60150-4

American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Can American Dietetic Association, & American College of Sports Medicine (2009). Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 12(2), 709-731. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86

American Dietetic Association& American College of Sport Medicine (2000). Nutrition and athletic performance-Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Can American Dietetic Association, and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100, 1543-1556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jAmerican Dietetic Association.2009.01.005

Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2006). Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player. Journal of Sports Science, 24(7), 665-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500482529

Barr, S.I. (1986). NK and selected NPs of female recreational athletes. Journal of Nutrition Education, 18, 167–174.

Batson, J.P., Sease, T., Stanek, M., & Leski, M.J. (2004). Sports Nutrition in Collegiate Athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5), S348.

Burd, N.A., West, D.W., & Moore, D.R. (2011). Enhanced amino acid sensitivity of myofibrillar protein synthesis persists for up to 24 h after resistance exercise in young men. Journal of Nutrition, 141(4), 568- 573. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.135038.

Cole, M., Coleman, D., Hopker, J., & Wiles, J. (2014). Improved gross efficiency during long duration submaximal cycling following a short-term high carbohydrate diet. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1348254

Cupisti, A., Alessandro, D.C., Castrogiovanni, S., Barale, A., & Morelli, E. (2002). NK and dietary composition in Italian adolescent female athletes and non-athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12(2), 207-219. PMID:12187619

Forbes, G.B., Brown, M.R., Welle, S.L., & Lipinski, B.A. (1986). Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of the weight gain. British Journal of Nutrition, 56(1), 1-9. PMID: 3479191

Frederick, L., & Hawkins, S.T. (1992). A comparison of NK and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female college athletes, and nonathletic college women. Journal of American Dietitic Association, 92(3), 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5122(92)90234-U

Haymes, E.I., Driskell, J., & Wolinsky, I. (2006). Sports Nutrition: Vitamins and Trace Elements. New York, NY: CRC/Taylor & Francis. 203- 216. ISBN 9780849330223 - CAT# 3022

Heaney, S., O’Connor, H., Michael, S., Gifford, J., & Naughton, G. (2011). NK in athletes: a systematic review. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 21(3), 248-261. PMID: 21719906

Hoogenboom, B.J., Morris, J., Morris, C., & Schaefer, K. (2009). Nutritional Knowledge and Eating Behaviors of Female, Collegiate Swimmers. North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 4(3), 139-148.

Hornstrom, G.R., Friesen, C.A., Ellery, J.E., & Pike, K. (2011). NK, Practices, Attitudes, and Information Sources of Mid-American Conference College Softball Players. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2, 109-117. PMID: 21509109 PMCID: PMC2953338

Kerksick, C., Harvey, T., Stout, J., Campbell, B., Wilborn, C., & Kreider, R. (2008). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. Journal of International Society for Sports Nutrition, 5, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-17

Leger, L.A., & Lambert, J. (1982). A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2max. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 49, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428958

Mahan, L.K., & Stump, S.E. (1998). Nutrition for exercise and sports performance, Food Nutrition and Diet therapy. 10th edition, W.B. Saunders Company.

Maughan, R.J., & Burke, L.M. (2011).Practical nutritional recommendations for the athlete. 69th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop. 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329292

Nattiv, A., Loucks, A.B., & Manore, M.M. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(10), 1867-1882. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318149f111

Nazni, P., &Vimala, S. (2010). NK, Attitude and Practice of College Sportsmen. Asian Journal Sports Medicine, 1(2), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34866

Nickols-Richardson, S.M., Beiseigel, J.M., & Gwazdauskas, F.C. (2006). Eating restraint is negatively associated with biomarkers of bone turnover but not measurements of bone mineral density in young women. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 106(7), 1095-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jAmerican Dietetic Association.2006.04.018

Oladunmi, M., & Sanusi, R.A. (2013). Nutritional status and dietary pattern of male athletes in IbAmerican Dietetic Associationn, South Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Physiological Sciences, 28(2), 165-171. PMID: 24937392

Oluyemisi, F.F., Abiola, A.A., & Rasaki, A.S. (2013). Does NK and Practice of Athletes Translate to Enhance Athletic Performance? Cross-Sectional Study amongst Nigerian Undergraduate Athletes. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(5), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p215

Ozdogan, Y., & Ozcelik, A.O. (2011). Evaluation of the NK of sports department students of universities. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8(11), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-8-11

Panandiker, D.H.P., Satyanarayana, K., Ramana, Y.V., & Sinha, R. (2007). Nutrition and Hydration Guidelines for Excellence in Sports Performance. Guidelines for Excellence in Sports Performance.

Phillips, S.M., & Van Loon, L.J. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum American Dietetic Associationptation. Journal of Sports Science, 29(1), S29- S38. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.619204

Phillips, S.M. (2012). Dietary protein requirements and American Dietetic Associationptive advantages in athletes. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(2), S158-S167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002516

Rodriguez, N.R., Di Marco, N.M., & Langley, S. (2009). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(3), 709-731. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86

Rosenbloom, C.A., Jonnalagadda, S.S., & Skinner, R. (2002). NK of collegiate athletes in a Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association institution. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 103, 418-421.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90098-2

Sakamaki, R., Toyama, K., Amamoto, R., Liu, C.J., & Shinfuku, N. (2005). Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students--a cross sectional study. Nutrition, 4, 4.https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-4-4

Saris, W.H.M., van Er-Baart, M.A., Brouns, S., Westererp, K.R., & Hoor, F. (1989). Study on Food Intake and Energy Expenditure during Extreme Sustained Exercise: The Tour de France. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 10, S26-S31.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024951

Sarkar, S., Debnath, M., Chatterjee, S., & Dey, S.K. (2018). Assessment of nutritional status, body composition parameters & physiological profiles of young male taekwondo and wushu players. International Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2(1), 001-007.

Singh, A., Gupta, V., Ghosh, A., Lock, K., & Suparna, G.J. (2015). Quantitative estimates of dietary intake with special emphasis on snacking pattern and nutritional status of free living adults in urban slums of Delhi: impact of nutrition transition. BMC Nutrition, 1, 22.

Sodhi, H.S. (1991). Sports anthropometry (a kinanthropometric approach).Mohali, Chandigarh, India: ANOVA Publications.

Sugiyama, F., Yamaguchi, T., Hu, A.L., Kobayashi, A., & Kobayashi, H. (2017). Effects of Fiber Supplementation for Four Weeks on Athletic Performance in Japanese College Athletes: A Case Study—Measurement of the Athletic Performance, Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, and Mood, Affect Balance. Health, 9, 556-567.https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.93039

Supriya, V. (2013). Knowledge, Attitude and Dietary Practices of Track and Field Athletic Men and Women aged 18-22 Years. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 2(11), 399-404. PMID: 3989173

Tipton, K.D., & Wolfe, R.R. (2004). Protein and amino acids for athletes. Journal of Sports Science, 22(1), 65-79.https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000140554

Torres-mcgehee, T.M., Pritchett, K.L., Zippel, D., Minton, D.M., Cellamare, A., & Sibilia, M. (2012). Sports NK among Collegiate Athletes, Coaches, Athletic Trainers, and Strength and Conditioning Specialists. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(2), 205-211.PMCID: PMC3418133 PMID: 22488287

Valliant, M.W., Emplaincourt, H.P., & Wenzel, R.K. (2012). Nutrition Education by a Registered Dietitian Improves Dietary Intake and NK of a NCAA Female Volleyball Team. Nutrients, 4, 506-516.https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4060506

WHO (1995). Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 854, 1-452.

Zawila, L.G., Steib, C.M., & Hoogenboom, B. (2003). The Female Collgiate Cross-Country Runner: Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(1), 67-74.PMCID: PMC155514 PMID: 12937475