Enter your details:
Name:
E-mail:
 
Thank you for subscribing.
Subscribe to our newsletter!


Francis Mae L. Rebadomia1, Jeremiah Seag Miguel G. Amparo1, Jessa P. Reyes1, Alvin George C. Cobar2, Rhene A. Camarador1

1Polytechnic University of the Philippines, College of Human Kinetics, Manila, Philippines
2Ateneo de Manila University, Basic Education Unit, Quezon City, Philippines

Effect of Music with Brainwave Synchronizer on the Performance of Collegiate Throwing Athletes

Sport Mont 2019, 17(2), 17-22 | DOI: 10.26773/smj.190603

Abstract

Brainwave entrainment has been a method used as a therapy to reduce anxiety and heighten concentration, facilitating brain to enter a specific state. In sports, brainwave alignment is facilitated as athletes utilized music in their pre-competition routines. The aim of this study is to know if wave-synchronized music influence power performance of collegiate athletes by gathering six (N=6) college throwers, 3 males and 3 females in a quasi-experimental research. Participants ranged from shotput, discus and javelin events. With reversal method, throwing performance data were collected for 11 days, with treatment days using both high (T1, T2, T4) and low (T3) frequency waves after every 2 untreated observations. Results show that synchronizing alpha waves (12 Hz) to music listened by athletes during warm-up leads to significant increase in throwing distances of participants compared to the untreated trial performance. On the other hand, synchronizing theta waves (0.5-3 Hz) to music produced lower throwing distances significantly when compared to day-before and day-after observations. Throwing performance for the untreated observations also showed an increasing trend before the theta wave treatment day. However, no long-term effect of alpha waves was directly seen after the intervention as perceived in latter untreated observations. Further studies are needed to compare music with and without wave synchronizers or to compare the utilization of preferred music versus unfavored music during warm-up.

Keywords

brainwave entrainment, throwing performance, arousal, alpha brainwave



View full article
(PDF – 1836KB)

References

Abeln, V., Kleinert, J., Strüder, H.K., & Schneider, S. (2013). Brainwave entrainment for better sleep and post-sleep state of young elite soccer players – A pilot study. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(5), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.819384

Alipoor, A., Oraki, M., & Sabet, M.Y. (2014). Efficiency of brainwave entrainment by binaural beats in reducing anxiety. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 18(1), 19-26.

Argento, E., Papagiannakis, G., Baka, E., Maniadakis, M., Trahanias, P., Sfakianakis, M., & Nestoros, I. (2017). Augmented Cognition via Brainwave Entrainment in Virtual Reality: An Open, Integrated Brain Augmentation in a Neuroscience System Approach. Augmented Human Research, 2(1), 1-14.

Aris, S.A.M., Lias, S., & Taib, M.N. (2010). The relationship of alpha waves and theta waves in EEG during relaxation and IQ test. 2nd International Congress on Engineering Education (69-72), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Bargh, J.A. & Cohen, J.L. (1978). Mediating Factors in the Arousal-Performance Relationship. Motivation and Emotion, 2(3), 243-257.

Brooks, K. & Brooks, K. (2010). Enhancing sports performance through the use of music. Journal of exercise physiology online, 13(2), 52-58.

Cobar, A.G.C., Borromeo, M.C.B., Agcaoili, J.K.M., & Rodil, A.M.T. (2017). Acute effect of birdwatching on mood states of senior high school students in the physical education setting. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 17(1), 18-25.

Cobar, A.G.C. & Madrigal, N. (2016). Effect of Endurance Training with Weighted Vest on the 3000-Meter Running Time of High School Boys. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), 301-310. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.02048.

Cruceanu, V.D. & Rotarescu, V.S. (2013). Alpha brainwave entrainment as a cognitive performance activator. Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 17(3), 249-261.

Elvers, P. & Steffens, J. (2017). The sound of success: Investigating cognitive and behavioral effects of motivational music in sports. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026/full

Huang, T.L. (2008). A comprehensive review of the psychological effects of brainwave entrainment. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 14(5), 38-50.

Karageorghis, C.I., Priest, D.L., Williams, L.S., Hirani, R.M., Lannon, K.M., & Bates, B.J. (2010). Ergogenic and psychological effects of synchronous music during circuit-type exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 551-559.

Kuan, G., Morris, T., Kueh, Y.C., & Terry, P.C. (2018). Effects of Relaxing and Arousing Music during Imagery Training on Dart-Throwing Performance, Physiological Arousal Indices, and Competitive State Anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-12. doi 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00014

Jarraya, M., Chtourou, H., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., & Souissi, N. (2012). The effects of music on high-intensity short-term exercise in well trained athletes. Asian journal of sports medicine, 3(4), 233.

Jeukendrup, A. & Gleeson, M. (2010). Chapter 13-Body Composition: Chapter taken from Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance, 2nd ed: Human kinetics.

Judge, L.W., Bell, R.J., Bellar, D., & Wanless, E. (2010). Developing a Mental Game Plan: Mental Periodization for Achieving a “Flow” State for the Track and Field Throws Athlete. Sport Journal, 13(4), 1-10.

Laukka, P. & Quick, L. (2013). Emotional and motivational uses of music in sports and exercise: A questionnaire study among athletes. Psychology of Music, 41(2), 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735611422507

Li, Y., Tseng, C., Tsai, A.C., Huang, A.C., & Lin, W. (2016). Different Brain Wave Patterns and Cortical Control Abilities in Relation to Different Creative Potentials. Creativity Research Journal, 28(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2016.1125255

Moulton, A. (2013). Effect of accurate categorical activity selection on the prediction of percent body fat when using the Omron HBF-306 bioelectric impedance analyzer. Masters Theses.

Pelka, M., Kolling, S., Ferrauti, A., Meyer, T., Pfeiffer, M., & Kellman, M. (2017). Acute effects of psychological relaxation techniques between two physical tasks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(3), 216-223.

Robinson, D.L. (2000). The technical, neurological, and psychological significance of ‘alpha’, ‘delta’ and ‘theta’ waves confounded in EEG evoked potentials: a study of peak amplitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(4), 673-693.

Sammy, N., Anstiss, P.A., Moore, L.J., Freeman, P., Wilson, M.R., & Vine, S.J. (2017). The effects of arousal reappraisal on stress responses, performance and attention. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 30(6), 619-629.

Simpson, S.D. & Karageorghis, C.I. (2006). The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance. Journal of sports sciences, 24(10), 1095-1102.

Stinson, B. & Arthur, D. (2013). A novel EEG for alpha brain state training, neurobiofeedback and behavior change. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 19(3), 114-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.03.003

Terry, P., Karageorghis, C., Saha, A, & D’ Auria, S. (2012). Effects of synchronous music on treadmill running among elite triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 52-57.

Turner, P. E. & Raglin, J. S. (1996). Variability in precompetition anxiety and performance in college track and field athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(3), 378-85.

Viola, A.U., James, L.M., Schlangen, L.J.M., & Dijk, D.J. (2008). Blue-enriched white light in the workplace improves self-reported alertness, performance and sleep quality. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 34(4), 297-306.